Seven Solid Evidences Why research paper Is good For Your Career Development %

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To find out which liquid the ball bearing will fall quickest or slowest through Essays

To find out which liquid the ball bearing will fall quickest or slowest through   Essays To find out which liquid the ball bearing will fall quickest or slowest through   Essay To find out which liquid the ball bearing will fall quickest or slowest through   Essay Essay Topic: Quick The Variables (The factors that could change the results are) Name of variable Input or Outcome Distance Input Liquids Input Forces Input Time Outcome In this investigation there are many variables that will affect the terminal velocity of ball bearings as they pass through the five different liquids Glycerol, Teapol, Water, Motor oil and cooking oil. The variables are; Temperature An increase in temperature decreases the viscosity of a fluid and therefore decreases the friction opposing the motion of the ball bearings. However, since the investigation takes place over a number of days, the temperature was monitored closely. Friction due to the sides of the tube may also play a part if the vertical tube is narrow. To minimize this, in the investigation, ball bearings were dropped from the center of the tube so that they were less likely to experience friction due to the sides of the tube. Distance In order to make accurate measurements on the terminal velocity of the ball bearings the distance over which their speed is measured must be kept constant and must be selected so that accurate times can be made. Material Ball bearings with a smooth shiny surface were selected for this investigation as these were less likely to have a worn surface that would increase the friction independent of radius. My Prediction I predict that the ball bearing will fall quickest through the water because all of the other liquids are sticky so the ball bearing would take longer to fall through. I also predict that the ball bearing will fall through the motor oil the slowest because the motor oil has a high density. The Scientific Explanation for my prediction is Many different forces will act upon the ball bearing being dropped through the different liquids these are Friction, Gravity and Air resistance these will all affect how fast the ball bearing will fall to the bottom of the test tube. The equipment I will need is 5 test tubes, Glycerol, Teapol, Water, Motor Oil and Cooking oil, Test tube rack, wax pencil and a ruler. Labeled Diagram Method The set up of the apparatus was designed to allow the terminal velocity of ball bearings to be determined accurately. We labeled the five test tubes accordingly to which liquids were in each test tube. Each tube was filled with 5cm beneath the top of the tube of the labeled liquid. This ensured that none of the liquids will spill from the top and that the surface of the liquids would be high enough to allow the ball bearings to be released from rest. The ball bearing was then held at the surface of the liquid and released. The time taken for the ball bearing to travel to the bottom was measured by using a stop watch and a centre metre ruler which we later recorded in a table. This process was repeated until three readings for this distance had been recorded. During the investigation each experiment was repeated three times. This allowed any anomalous results to be spotted immediately. Safety Measures I will make sure me and my group will be careful when handling all equipment which includes all of the liquids. We must also be careful when handling all of the liquids. I will make it a fair test by I will make it a fair test by repeating each experiment five times each to make sure my results are acurate and fair. We will have the same person to time the experiments and another person to measure the experiments with a cm ruler. Results Chart Liquid Density Weight of ball bearing in liquid Viscosity Averages Motor Oil 0.845.0 (1.950g) 0.01991 N 3.84 3.84 Water 0.995.6 (1.991g) 0.01991 N 124.38 1.21 Cooking Oil 0.923.6 (2.13168) 0.0213 N 97.125 1.66 Teapol 101.0 (2.17568) 02176 N 39.093 4.22 Glycerol 124.84 (2.4970) 0.02176 N 13.89 13.89 Conclusion What I found out from the experiment was that my prediction was right I predict that the ball bearing will fall quickest through the water because all of the other liquids are sticky so the ball bearing would take longer to fall through. I also predict that the ball bearing will fall through the motor oil the slowest because the motor oil has a high density. The water had a viscosity of 124.38 while the motor oil had a viscosity of 3.84. Which shows that the ball bearing took longer to fall to the bottom of the motor oil. Evaluation I found this experiment quite difficult because in the sticky liquids it was harder to see the ball bearing and made it difficult to time and measure acurate results. To reduce these errors, a more accurate method for measuring the speed of the ball bearings should be found. This might be done in several ways: Reducing speed whilst glycerol is a fairly viscous fluid, the ball bearings were still able to travel relatively fast through it. If a more viscous fluid could be found, the speed should be reduced increasing the accuracy of the time measurements. Increasing distance by increasing the distance over which the time taken by the ball bearings is measured, reaction times associated with using a stop watch would be less significant and accuracy would be increased. However, increasing this distance would decrease the accuracy of finding the exact point at which terminal velocity was reached. Apparatus the experiment could be redesigned so that apparatus such as light gates could be used to provide an accurate method to obtain data for the speed of the ball bearings. Throughout the experiment I monitored the temperature using a thermometer. This was because temperature affects the viscosity of the glycerol and therefore the friction opposing the motion of the ball bearings. Variation of temperature A thermometer measures to the nearest degree This meant variations in viscosity of the liquids within the tube and difficulty in maintaining a constant temperature when reached. Friction Frictional forces acting from the sides of the tube may have had significant effect on the ball bearings by opposing their motion. This may have produced anomalous results. To eliminate this in a future investigation, a much wider tube should be used.

Antigone Compare Contrast Essay

Antigone, a tragic heroine in the self titled Sophocles play, fights against male power demonstrating courage and determination. Although Jean Anouilh and Sophocles both create the character Antigone to be a spoiled, scrawny princess, they create different personas out of her. In Anouilh’s version of Antigone is honest, soft spoken and an unhappy person, in Sophocles version Antigone is a strong willed, brave and powerful individual who is not afraid to stand up for what she believes in. Both tragedies share various similarities and differences in the content, themes, and conflicts; specifically focusing on the comparisons between the themes of power, corruption and responsibility throughout. Ultimately the outcome of both tragedies is a result of Antigone’s selfless act and the effect it has on others. Creon is the most diverse character between the two versions. In Sophocles Antigone Creon states that once the news is released to the public that Antigone buries Polynices, he has no power over the decision any longer. In Anouilh’s Antigone Creon does not make an immediate decision to execute Antigone, he gives the decision thought. This is proven when Creon states â€Å"Very well. Now Listen to me. You will go straight to your room. When you get there, you will go to bed. You will say that you are not well and that you have not been out since yesterday. Your nurse will tell the same story. And I’ll get rid of those three men. † (Anouilh, 41). In Sophocles he treats Antigone’s consequence as if he does not have to follow the law he enforces with his power, as opposed to Anouilh’s where Creon uses his power and sends Antigone to her room to think about his decision. Next, Creon demonstrates an inner power in both plays by viewing his decisions based upon being a king rather than a villain. He believes he has to make decisions based on the duties of a king rather than his own personal opinions. This is shown when Creon says â€Å"I agree my trade forces me to be. We could argue whether I ought or ought not to follow my trade, but once I take on the job I must do it properly. †(Anouilh, 48). In both plays the end decisions result in Creon following through with the laws he enforces. He values his role of being king more than his role of being an uncle. Finally, Creon’s decision to execute Antigone not only demonstrates his power but also the corruption that causes Haemon, Ismene and Eurydice to all take their lives as they are unable to cope with the loss of Antigone. This is shown when Creon states â€Å"I have had them laid out side by side. They are together at last, and at peace. Two lovers on the morrow of their bridal. Their work is done. † (Anouilh, 69). If Creon chooses not to follow his duties as a king, he will not feel the remorse and guilt like he does for the consequences of his actions. Antigone first demonstrates a sense of power and bravery in both plays when deciding to bury Polynices despite Creon’s law against it. Using her power, Antigone attempts to convince Ismene to join in upon the act of loyalty with her, but being the innocent sister Ismene is not in agreeance. This is proven when she says to Ismene â€Å"The punishment for disobedience is death by stoning. So now you know. And now is the time to show whether or not you are worthy of your high blood. † (Sophocles, 127). Subsequently in both plays Antigone takes advantage of being a princess and Creon’s niece, and goes ahead with her choice to bury Polynices. Although she knows the possible outcomes of her choice, this does not stop her as she believes Creon will be more sympathetic towards her. Antigone proves this when she says â€Å"Poor Creon! My nails are broken, my fingers are bleeding, my arms are covered with the wells left by the paws of your guards- but I am queen! † (Anouilh, 50). Therefore she takes advantage her relationship with Creon in order to gain power. Lastly, the outcome of Antigone at the end of each play was the same, but the amount of power she obtains is the difference. In Sophocles there is no doubt that Antigone’s death is tragic and heroic. However the tragedy seems to be more heroic in Sophocles Antigone than it does in Anouilh’s. This is demonstrated when Antigone says â€Å"I have given my brother burial. What greater honour could I wish? All these would say that what I did was honorable but fear locks up their lips. To speak and act just as he likes is a king’s prerogative. † (Sophocles, 140). After Creon executes Antigone in Sophocles the play drags on to emphasize how powerful a character she is in Anouilh’s Antigone is killed and the story ends shortly after as if what she does is not heroic. Haemon plays a very important role in Antigones heroic journey to tragedy in both Sophocles and Anouilh’s play. He is engaged to Antigone and is the son of Creon which gives him power over Antigone to begin with. Using his power, in both plays he tries to convince Creon that the execution of Antigone will not bring only sadness to others, but tragedy to his own life. This is shown when he says â€Å"Live as you say! Live a life without Antigone? A life in which I am to go on admiring you as you busy yourself about your kingdom, make your persuasive speeches, strike your attitudes? Not without Antigone. I love Antigone. I will not live without Antigone. † (Anouilh 62). Haemon is similar to Antigone because he takes advantage of his power to try and help in the end. In Anouilh’s version of Antigone there is a significant change in affection shown by Haemon towards Antigone. The play features more romance between the couple that is not in Sophocles version. Haemon is able to gain power over Antigone through devotion as she is so blinded by love and romance she does not realize it. An example is when Haemon says â€Å"Antigone, darling, I love you exactly as you love me. With all of myself. † (Anouilh, 27). Although Haemon does not take advantage of Antigone’s love, he does have more control over their relationship because of it. Lastly, Haemon’s power and corruption comes through at the end of both plays when he attempts to kill his father Creon and proceeds to murder himself. This is proven when he says â€Å"That sight I’ll never see. Nor from this hour shall you see me again. Let those that will be witness of your wickedness and folly. † (Sophocles, 147). This shows Creon causes the corruption by taking Antigone away from Haemon. This is Haemon’s desperate attempt to seek power and get revenge against Creon for all the pain he has suffered. It is clear that the reoccurring theme of power is present throughout both versions of Antigone and demonstrates this through the actions and tragedies of the characters Creon, Antigone and Haemon. Both Sophocles and Anouilh’s tragedies share similarities and differences in the content, themes and conflicts. These comparisons are present between the themes of power, corruption and responsibility shown throughout the play. The tragedy of Antigone in both plays is inevitable as the choices she makes foreshadow her outcome and affect the people around her. The end result is a tragedy due to the power that is lost, the corruption that is caused, and the responsibilities that are maintained.

Is Bill Gates Correct in the view that foreign aid truly matters Essay

Is Bill Gates Correct in the view that foreign aid truly matters - Essay Example agencies value the life of a single American at more than a few million dollars).2 Gates blames the media for negative publicity on matters concerning foreign aid, he refers to one British newspaper that gave its readers the impression that foreign aid is just but a waste of resources. In one of their articles, it was written that more than half of British voters advocated for slashes in overseas aid money. He viewed this as a distortion of the actual truth of what goes on in countries that receive aid. As much as Gates knows that no program comes without its flaws, he has opted to look at the positive aspect of aid. He goes on to add that foreign aid is just but a tool in the fight against disease and poverty. Developed countries need to make certain changes in their policies like opening up their markets and cutting agronomic subsidisations. The developing countries also have a role to play in this, they need to allocate more money to health matters and progress for their own folks . In Gate’s view, it effectively saves and improves lives.4 ‘By 2035, there will be almost no poor countries left in the world.’ Bill Gates. Through his foundation, the Gates Foundation, they invent vaccines that help to improve the health of children and in turn lighten the burden on the countries’ healthcare and social system. Having healthier children apart from the life factor is beneficial in that it allows children to grow physically and mentally and they become productive adults in future. Gates and his wife Melinda, have opted to focus on agriculture and healthcare because these are the two fields that they have more of a hands on familiarity. These are also the two fields that lay a foundation for long-term economic evolution. The belief that foreign aid is a large portion of rich countries’ annual budget is a misguided notion. A substantial number of

Management and marketing within business Organization Essay - 1

Management and marketing within business Organization - Essay Example On the other hand, marketing is a process of informing the customers about the value or utility of a product or service, and to encourage the customers to purchase it. â€Å"It is defined as the process of determining the needs and wants of consumers and being able to deliver products that satisfy those needs and wants. Marketing includes all of the activities necessary to move a product from the producer to the consumer† (What Is Marketing?, n.d, p.13)2 Management is a process which helps to achieve; group goals, Optimum Utilization of Resources, reduction of costs. It is a process which establishes sound organization and equilibrium. Moreover, it helps the society to achieve prosperity (Importance of management.2012)3. Man, material, machine, and money are the four most important resources of an organization. Management is the process, which helps the coordination of all these organizational resources. For example, finance department is responsible for the management of money in an organization. Same way, human resource department look after the manpower resources whereas engineering or production department look after the machineries and materials. Even though different departments are controlling the organizational resources, it is the process of management, which helps them to utilize these resources judiciously so that the organization benefits from these resources. Many people have the illusion that management is a function restricted only to the executives of an organization. In fact, Management is a function usually undertaken by people of all calibre. For example, a housekeeper is responsible for managing the resources of a house properly whereas a construction worker is responsible for managing the works assigned to him. A housewife manages the education of her children while her husband manages other family matters. In short,

Influence from Mexican and Puerto Ricans in the Us Culture Essay Example for Free

Influence from Mexican and Puerto Ricans in the Us Culture Essay The U. S. culture has been saturated with Mexican and Puerto Rican influences. Influence is defined as a cognitive factor that tends to have an effect on what you do. I believe most of the influences are good but there are also some that are bad. The two major influences that will be brought up would be the influence of human creativity and violence. Puerto Ricans had a unique blend of human creativity. â€Å"Fueled by that political awakening, a cultural renaissance emerged among Puerto Rican artists. † By the 1960’s salsa music began to emerge. Puerto Ricans rooted this category of music especially in the New York area. Fania Records became the dominant record label in the early salsa music scene. Juan Gonzalez mentioned artist such as Eddie and Charlie Palmieri, Willie Colon and Ray Barretto. They provoked with there politically charged lyrics. It also sprang up writers such as Piri Thomas and Nicholasa Mohr mentioned by Juan Gonzalez. Piri Thomas was born in the Spanish Harlem section of Manhattan and is known for his best seller autobiography â€Å"Down These Mean Streets†pg63 and describes his struggle having Puerto Rican heritage. Nicholasa Mohr her works also told of the difficulties of growing up in Puerto Rican communities in the New York area. As more Puerto Rican came to into the States a big clash of racial identity rose. Black and White was a struggle in itself then Brown came in to the mix it mad things twist. â€Å"A dwindling tax base, brought about by the flight of industry and skilled white workers to the suburbs, massive disinvestment by government in public schools and infrastructure, and the epidemics of drug and alcohol abuse, all tore at the quality of city life†Pg 64. Lack of investment in the infrastructure and public schools by the government was a major contributor to this especially since most did not know how to speak English and the teachers did not know how to translate to the students. â€Å"The third generation of Puerto Ricans, those who came of age in the late 1980s and early 1990s, found themselves crippled by inferior schools, a lack of jobs, and underfunded social services. They found their neighborhoods inundated with drugs and violence. They grew up devoid, for the most part, of self-image, national identity, or cultural awareness. They became the lost generation. †Pg63 Mexicans also had there share of influencial human creativity. Mexicans are known for developing corrido music. They were smart about this music though because they were used to inform. They had dates names warnings and some were stories of crime or love. † The average corrido was usually so filled with dates, names, and factual details that it functioned not only as entertainment but also as a news report, historical narrative, and commentary for the mass of Mexicans who were still illiterate†. pg124. To change up the creativity from the arts to a more meaningful influence would be the founding of MAYO and no not the one you eat but Mexican American Youth Organization. This was intended to protect the civil rights of Mexican Americans. â€Å"One of the most influential groups to arise during the period was the Mexican American Youth Organization (MAYO), founded in San Antonio by Willie Velazquez, a young community organizer for the Catholic Bishop’s Committee on the Spanish Speaking, and Crystal City’s Jose Angel Gutierrez. †pg 69. Mexicans have been picked on for decades and are still being hated upon. What was heavily impacted were schools and nothing was done about it. MAYO staged school walk outs to gain power. These acts would allow them to earn seats on school boards which in turn allowed them to participate in deciding what was best for their own people. In turn violence also was majorly influence. The US culture was raised to hate Mexicans. † Once the Great Depression hit and unemployment surged among whites, though, not even Mexicans who spoke fluent English escaped the anti-immigrant hysteria. More than 500,000 were forcibly deported during the 1930s, among them many who were U. S. citizens. † Speaking spanish a lot of times was a burden for mexicans which made them targets since most that all they spoke. To conclude Puerto Ricans and Mexicans have influenced the US culture. It still hasn’t stopped it continues to. More than likely it will still influence for many more years to come. They have been put down but they come right back up and stronger. They have given a lot to stop and to soak in many years of heritage. So go dance to some salsa or sing a corrido for a change.

Paul Thomas Anderson :: Essays Papers

Paul Thomas Anderson Paul Thomas Anderson is one of today’s most acclaimed and essential young filmmakers. He has swept the motion picture industry with a powerhouse trio of films that have breathed life and exuberance into an industry that is all too often ladened with films exhibiting massive deficiencies of originality and thought. PTA’s genuine love of filmmaking sets him apart from so many others. PTA tends to keep himself out of the spotlight. Rarely will he pose for magazine covers or photo shoots. Details involving future projects and his personal life are often kept shrouded in secrecy. Informational pieces regarding his personal life and family history are few and far between. I’ve researched his background and unearthed a few brief factoids that are consistent amongst many sources. Included is information obtained from Cigarettes and Coffee, PTA’s unofficial website, which he often praises and contributes to. Paul Thomas Anderson was born in Studio City, CA on January 1, 1970 to Bonnie and Ernie Anderson. His father was a well-known voice actor who can be recognized for his work on America’s Funniest Home Videos and The Love Boat. He also created a character, Ghoulardi, who was a popular B Movie/ horror film host in the sixties. Unfortunately, Paul suffered a devastating blow when his father passed away in 1997 at the age of 73. Incidentally, he has since named his production company after his late father’s famous character Ghoulardi. PTA also has two brothers and four sisters. He is reputed to be estranged from his mother. Academics never appealed to Paul. Being expelled from his elementary school for fighting and bad grades and his quick departure from Emerson College after two semesters demonstrated this. He also attended New York University Film School for two days before dropping out. PTA moved on to begin his career by working as a production assistant on various television movies and game shows. After performing similar work for numerous low budget and independent films, PTA went on to write and shoot a short film titled, Cigarettes and Coffee. This 24-minute excursion into the world of film shorts made it’s premier at the 1993 Sundance Film Festival. As a result of the buzz that Cigarettes and Coffee generated, he was afforded the opportunity to develop his first full-length motion picture, Hard Eight.

Mine and My Parents’ Attitude on Life Essay

All of my life, my parents are the great shoulders for me to lean on. They share the happiness with me, comfort me whenever I am sad, they are the people who always catch me everytime I fall. However, , my parents and I do not have the same attitude toward my studying, my relationship and money. The contrast in our attitude makes our life, more or less, complicated but interesting. First, my parents and I have different ideas about studying in the college. From the start, for my parents’ attitude, studying in the college means only books and grades. They said to me as I was a freshman, â€Å"When you receives your degree, we want you to be able to get a job that will support yourself. We also want you to have grades that will make you a realistic candidate for that job. Don’t make college life a waste of time†. It means I will spend most of my time in the library, attend all the lectures’ hours, study hard day by day and at the end of the semester, I will have to show them my high grades. Following their advices, I do not have free time for myself, I can’t take part in any extra -curriculums such as sports, art and literature activities or even a small birthday party held in the dorm. My parents call such things above † the useless-and- waste-of time†. Waste of time and useless? Not on my life. How can I waste time with so many new ideas to learn and all the interesting and open-minded people to meet in these activities? How can learning to see the world in a different way and leaving college with a new outlook on life be a waste of time and useless?. In contrast to my parents, books and grades are not enough, I need more activeness and practical things for my studying. My parents and I also differ in the attitude toward the relationship between my opposite- sex friends and I. I have many friends, boys and girl, in high school, in the university, even at the shop where I have a part-time job. However, I find it easier to have the opposite sex ones as my close friends. They are easy-going, straightforward and less talkative than girls. I do think that we are only friends, that there is nothing unusual in our friendship; moreover, my friends, as well as me, are old enough to know the limitation between love and friendship. On the other hand, my parents do not share the same point of view with me. They always believe that there is no  friendship between boys and girls. They consider our friendship as love and â€Å"violently† show their disagreement whenever we mention this matter. â€Å"These loves will give bad effects on your studying and lead you to nowhere, my dear.†, said my mother times and times again. No matter how hard I try t o explain, they still keep their attitude, advising me to put an end to â€Å"such loves†-which are actually the friendship that boys and girls can have. The contrast that we have do not end with attitudes toward my studying and friendship but also toward money and the way to spend it. My parents have healthy attitude toward money: they consider money as a tool, as something they have, not something they are. Working hard day by day to support the family, they spend every cent of every dollar of the money they earned economically and reasonably. â€Å"A fool with his money will soon parted†, my father always reminds me. We spend much money on neither clothes, delicious food , nor presents for birthdays and holidays. My parents save money and never touch the saving in the bank if it is not necessary. Thanks to this, my sister and I could go to university without worrying about financial problem. Compared with my parents, I used to have quite negative attitude toward money. There was a time when I thought money was the most important factor in my life, money could buy me anything I want: happiness, friendship and other people’s admiration. I wasted all my money on fashion, expensive jewels, presents for my friends†¦etc. Unfortunately the salary I got from my part time job could not afford, as a result, I was stuck in debt at a very young age: 18. There were nothing left for me: no friends, no happiness, no respect, but the sadness in my family. Due to this unforgettable lesson, I can not disclaim that my parents point of view is definitely right. Though the contrast in attitudes toward such things as : my studying, my friendship, and the way to use money is the reason why sometimes we feel upset and even sulk, it do not cause the generation gap in my family. My parents are not always right, so am I. But we know that if we have more chances to exchange our ideas, we can understand each other well and makes our home a really happy family.

Probation and Life in Prison Essay

Probation In the early days of our country, severe punishments were often meted out with little regard to the seriousness of the offense. There was no such thing as being sentenced to probation in the 18th century. The concept of probation, or giving a convicted criminal a chance to redeem himself without serving time in prison, was first introduced in 1841 by John Augustus. In August of that year, Augustus decided to try a radical approach with a man convicted of being drunk and disorderly. The man swore to Augustus that he would change his ways if only he did not have to serve time in the House of Correction. Augustus believed the man and he posted bail. Augustus went on to help others in the same fashion and eventually became regarded â€Å"a private angel and guardian of men convicted of crime† (Friedman, 1993, 162). Massachusetts was the first state to formally recognize this option in criminal sentencing in 1878 with the remaining states following suit throughout the rest of the century and onto into the early part of the 1900’s. It would take some fine-tuning to bring probation up to its current standards. Early probation officers enjoyed no formal training and many states were without prerequisites for passing this form of sentencing. In the early years, probation was often given in exchange for a guilty plea most often to married men, those who held jobs and exhibited no apparent vices. Judges used the sentence of probation prodigiously for several decades. It was only in the 1980’s, when the public clamored for stiffer penalties, that probation lost favor. In 1986, only 28% of male felony defendants were awarded probation as compared to nearly half of those convicted in 1970 (Friedman, 1993, 409). Probation initially became popular as the thrust of the legal system shifted from focusing on the â€Å"what† (the crime) to the â€Å"who† (the criminal) and how to best reform the offender (Friedman, 1993, 168). More recently, the focus has become a bit more equally fixed on both preventing the crime and rehabilitation of the criminal. Today, offenders on probation are closely monitored by correctional officers through surveillance in the community. Often, some sort of restitution is also involved with the goal of making the offender accountable and responsible in order to rejoin the community without potential further risk (Jones, 2). This option allows the offender to serve a sentence under â€Å"house arrest† and maintain a job rather than be integrated into the prison system, which is already strained to its limit. The level of supervision varies based on the crime committed. For those convicted of drug charges, a more constant monitoring system is used, often electronic. Another alternative is to use a â€Å"combination of prison time and work release/community service† (Jones, 3). Probation is often used as a condition of plea bargaining for a lesser sentence in exchange for information or a guilty plea. Plea bargaining came about as a quick, and cheap way, to move defendants through the legal system and probation helps to keep minor criminals out of jail. The concept of probation has evolved in many ways since its inception in the 1800’s but it still incorporates the integral idea of giving a convicted criminal a degree of trust. Prison Life: Comparison and Contrast with Life in General Society According to the dictionary, the definition of a prison is â€Å"A place for the confinement of persons in lawful detention, especially persons convicted of crimes; a place or condition of confinement or forcible restraint or a state of imprisonment or captivity.† Prisons first came about as a means of correctional punishment. In colonial times, punishment was often a way to shame the criminal in public; putting someone in prison did not have the same effect as putting him or her out in public view to submit to shame and scorn. When prison was used for sentencing, jail terms were generally short and in most cases less than 30 days. It was not until the 1800’s that prisons were built in more abundance and courts used them for sentencing on a regular basis. Today prison systems vary widely according to level of security and the state in which they are located. The aim of each and every one is still the same, however, and that is to deprive a convicted criminal of freedom. For a prisoner there is no freedom of choice. He is told when to wake up in the morning, when it is meal time, when to work, when to exercise, when to go to bed. There are no food choices or menus and the prisoner must either eat what is given him or go hungry. No comforts of home await him in his cell; the prisoner is lucky to be able to have a selection of books and perhaps a photo or two to keep him company. At night, lights are turned off at a particular time. Cell checks can be performed at any time of night or day. There is no privacy for bathing or bodily functions. The prisoner is unable to have any items that are not approved by the system. He also has no choice regarding a cell mate unless undue violence forces a cell change. Most prisons do not allow televisions or even radios as forms of entertainment; even when they are allowed there is no satellite or cable attached and no choice of programming. The work program is enforced in many prisons with prisoners being allocated to do jobs that benefit the community or provide food or clothing for the system. Any â€Å"luxury† items must be earned and paid for with pitifully low wages. In comparison, life in general society is full of choices. As a free citizen, people in this country are allowed to choose where they live, where they work, what they eat and what they do. There are no proscribed times in which they are forced to do anything and if they are unhappy at their job, they are allowed to quit and find work elsewhere. The times in which free citizens awaken in the morning and go to bed at night are at their own discretion; if someone wishes to never turn out the light and stay up all night, he may do so. He has the ability to go out and purchase items at will, as needed or desired. The private citizen can choose to live as he wants whether that be in clean or messy surroundings, in a house filled with knick knacks and furniture or a more austere setting. Entertainment options abound. In short, nothing short of illegal activity is prohibited for a free citizen. Whether in prison or out in general society, there are still rules made by our national and state governments to be abided by and morals which govern our actions. In prison it is more closely monitored while in general society citizens do not warrant such close supervision. As well, people in either situation must earn what they have. Loss of freedom is the biggest difference between living in prison or living outside. Contrast and Comparison of Georgia and Florida State Prisons In the Georgia state prison system, the dormitories shown are used for housing groups of prisoners who require minimal security. Rows of bunk beds are stacked two high and furnished with a thin blanket and pillow. A box beneath the bunk is the only place for personal items. The lighting is industrial and the flooring is utilitarian and easy to keep clean. It is surprising that there is a wide expanse of windows. Other than the addition of appliances and counters, the prison kitchen looks much the same as the dormitory. It looks to be well stocked, much as a large commercial kitchen might be furnished. The health intake area is set up like a school room with rows of small wooden desks headed by a larger desk manned by a prison employee. The state of Georgia’s correctional system offers a boot camp, a diversion center, probation detention, and transitional centers in addition to the state prisons. The state runs several farms, which provide all the food for the prisoners incarcerated at the low cost of $1.51 per prisoner per day. The Florida state prisons use a traditional cell configuration built in two stories overlooking a central corridor as well as the dormitory concept. According to the website, most of the Florida correctional facilities use dorm housing. The bunks in these dorms are not stacked but are situated individually in rows. A row of small, high windows lines one wall while fluorescent lighting illuminates the area. Cells house either one or two men and have two cots that pull down from the wall with a thin blanket and pillow on each. There is one small window in the exterior wall and a narrow door. A sink and open toilet are the only other furnishings. Death row cells are even more sparse and small with a total size of 6’ x 9’ x 9.5’. They have no window and a barred entrance. Death row cells are configured for only one person. The majority of inmates in the Florida state correctional system are enrolled in either a substance abuse program, a vocational education or adult education program. They also participate in Prison Rehabilitative Industries and Diversified Enterprises or Prison Industry Enhancement work programs. Inmates also grow some of their own food and both prison systems seem to be doing a good job of keeping food costs down through farming their own vegetables. The two prison systems are similar in their housing set ups. Cells and dormitories are sparse and barren. Both systems require prisoners to be involved in production of the food used within the facilities and offer work programs. Both Florida and Georgia’s state systems offer probation and transitionary facilities. The Florida state correctional system has more programs available and more options for rehabilitation of prisoners. The Georgia system seems to offer more minimal security facilities although they did not have a virtual tour of anything other than dormitories posted on their website and they most certainly house death row inmates. Georgia’s website is set up more for the convenience of family members of those incarcerated while the Florida website focuses more on the hard facts of prison life as a deterrence measure. While both states offer model facilities for incarceration of criminals, neither system looks particularly inviting or homey. References Friedman, Lawrence M (1993). Crime and Punishment in American History. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. Jones, Calvin. â€Å"Alternatives to Standard Methods of Incarceration†. Florida Department of Law Enforcement. Retrieved November 8, 2007 from the FDOLE Web site: â€Å"Virtual Prison Tour. Georgia Department of Corrections. Retrieved November 8, 2007 from the GDOC Web site: http://www.dcor.state.ga.us/AboutGDC/VRTour.html.

Thirty of the Worlds Busiest Airports

Thirty of the Worlds Busiest Airports This is a list of the thirty busiest airports for passenger traffic, based on finalized 2008 data from the Airports Council International. A more recent list of the busiest airports in the world is also available here on my site. Since 1998, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport in the United States has been the worlds busiest passenger airport. Numbers represent the number of passengers enplaned and deplaned with passengers in transit counted only once. 1. Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport - 90,039,280 2. OHare International Airport (Chicago) - 69,353,654 3. Heathrow Airport (London) - 67,056,228 4. Haneda Airport (Tokyo) - 65,810,672 5. Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport - 60,851,998 6. Los Angeles International Airport - 59,542,151 7. Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport - 57,069,331 8. Beijing Capital International Airport - 55,662,256* 9. Frankfurt Airport - 53,467,450 10. Denver International Airport - 51,435,575 11. Madrid Barajas Airport - 50,823,105 12. Hong Kong International Airport - 47,898,000 13. John F. Kennedy International Airport (New York City) - 47,790,485 14. Amsterdam Airport Schiphol - 47,429,741 15. McCarran International Airport (Las Vegas) - 44,074,707 16. George Bush Intercontinental Airport (Houston) - 41,698,832 17. Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport - 39,890,896 18. Bangkok International Airport - 38,604,009 19. Singapore Changi Airport - 37,694,824 20. Dubai International Airport - 37,441,440 (New to the list) 21. San Francisco International Airport - 37,405,467 22. Orlando International Airport - 35,622,252 23. Newark Liberty International Airport (New Jersey) - 35,299,719 24. Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport - 35,144,841 25. Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport (Rome) - 35,132,879 (New to the list) 26. Charlotte Douglas International Airport (North Carolina) - 34,732,584 (New to the list) 27. Munich Airport - 34,530,593 28. London Gatwick Airport - 34,214,474 29. Miami International Airport - 34,063,531 30. Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport - 34,032,710 * Beijing Capital International Airport saw a seven million passenger increase from 2006 to 2008, likely due to the 2008 Summer Games held in Beijing. Airports that previously made the top thirty ranking list for busiest airports but are not on this years ranking of the busiest airports include: Narita International Airport (Tokyo), and Philadelphia International Airport, Toronto Pearson International Airport (Canada).

Skeletal Pin Site Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Skeletal Pin Site Management - Essay Example External fixation is described as a surgical routine that drills holes into the uninjured areas of bones around the fracture and screw special bolts into the holes. This is done to set bone fractures in which a cast would not allow proper alignment of the fracture. A rod with special ball-and-socket joints joins the bolts to make a rigid support, is placed outside the body. By adjusting the ball-and-socket joints, the fracture can be set in the proper anatomical configuration. Compared to other types of cast used in fractured bones external fixation is used most frequently. This is because the patient will be able to mobilize earlier than other types of fixations which means, the patient will have to spend shorter time in the hospital. It was also observed that external fixations enables the patient to cope up early and perform almost all its normal activities. On the other hand, pin sites are locations on which pins are inserted into the hole created in the unfractured and soft bone. It serves as an entry and exit in the skin to provide skeletal traction or external fixation apparatus. Installation of external fixations, more often than not, developed pin site infections. Signs of reaction include changes in normal skin color, increased warmth, and serous or slightly bloody drainage at the pin site. Importantly, a pin site reaction is not a pin site infection. (Holmes and Brown, 2005) The swelling is a common reaction of the body's tissue in the presence of foreign bodies such as pins. This will develop to pin site infection if not managed properly. With this, pin site management is practised by regularly checking the areas where the external fixators were attached and checking it for signs of infection such as tenting, redness, tenderness and purulent drainage. This also involves regular cleaning of the pin sites. However, different medical establishments apply different ways of cleaning; different procedures in cleansing, varied frequency and techniques for applying cleansing agent(s), removal of crusts, and use of dressings. In this research, procedures of skeletal pin site management are being studied to be able to evaluate and recommend the best and effective way in managing external fixations and pin tract infection. The goals are to keep swelling and pain caused by surgery to a low level, provide exercises to increase circulation and start wound (pin) care to prevent infection. Current Procedure Royal Darwin Hospital's procedures in managing pin sites are as follows: Put a betadine gauze around the pin sites for 48hours. After 48 hours, removed the betadine gauze and leave the pins sites alone. These will not be cleaned to leave the crusts intact. If the pin sites become infected, they are cleaned through the direction of the consultant. This practise however, is in contrast of what Lisa Marie Bernardo has said in her article, Evidence-based Practice for Pin Site Care in Injured Children which says "there is a general agreement that pin sites of patients receiving external fixation should be inspected and cleansed to prevent infection. (Bernardo, October 2001) The fact that the pin sites were not cleaned after 48 hours to leave the crust intact will have a possibility of greater risk of infection. On the other hand, cleaning through the direction of a consultant will leave the nurses dependent to the consultant and cannot act as freely as or

Property law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Property law - Case Study Example Thus, so long as the disseisor physically possess the land, and gained entry into the land without the permission of the owner, and has been using the land appropriately according to its resources and location, and also fulfilling the statutory duties regarding the property such as paying taxes, rates and rent for a reasonable period of time, then the disseisor has the right to the ownership of the property, without compensation to the rightful owner (Martin, 102). In this case, as the legal attorney, I would advise Barney to give up claims on the property as a legal advice, since the 2o years settled by Ernest on the land, and the consequent use and development allows him the right of ownership, under the concept of adverse possession, and tell him that God will reward him otherwise, as a spiritual advice, since his action would amount to helping others, which is a fundamental spiritual principle. The second issue regarding the move by the authorities to take over the beach house ow ned by Barney for the sake of developing the property as the â€Å"Future home of the Nickelodeon Family Resort†, can be pitched on the legal concept of Eminent Domain. ... y the authorities can then be developed for public utilities or economic generation projects, as long as the projects are undertaken to meet the public interest such as employment, providing basic services or availing a rare service to the region where the property is being has been taken over. Under the concept of Eminent Domain, the law provides that the rightful owner of the property that has been taken over by the state or other government agencies should be granted a just value compensation (Paul, 47). The law interprets just value to mean the prevailing fair market value. Therefore, considering the fact that the property owned by Barney is being taken over by the relevant government authorities in the best interest of the public, such as to create employment opportunities, then, the course is justifiable, under the legal concept of Eminent Domain. Therefore, as the attorney advising Barney on legal matters, I would recommend that he receives the due compensation being offered a s per the fair market value. Additionally, on the spiritual perspective, it would also be in line with the spiritual principle of sharing what an individual has with others, since the property will be applied in a way that would benefit many through service provision and employment creation. Therefore, it would be spiritually correct for Barney to allow the take-over of the property. On the third issue where Barney’s vehicle was stolen by Carl and then sold to a car dealer, the circumstances can be drawn from the legal concept of Good Faith Purchasers for Value. This concept defines a Good Faith Purchaser for Value, as an individual or party that purchases a property from another party, and gives value in exchange of that asset, without the due knowledge of adverse claims to that asset